Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example

Cuban Missile Crisis Essay For a period of thirteen days in October of 1962 the United States held its breath in fear of nuclear war.The Cuban missile crisis is considered by most to be the closest two countries came to nuclear war, apart from the nuclear bombing of Japan.The Cuban missile crisis was a major confrontation between the Soviet Union, the United States, Cuba, and partly Turkey.The U.S. and Turkey initiated the crisis with the placing of nuclear weapons in Turkey.In response to this action the Soviet Union supplied nuclear weapons and supplies for building nuclear bases, to Cuba. On October 14, 1962 thefirst nuclear missiles in Cuba where spotted by U.S. spy planes.On October 16 President John F. Kennedy was shown pictures of nuclear bomb bases being built in Cuba.On October 26 Premier Nikita Khrushchev (the leader of the Soviet Union at the time) sent a message to President Kennedy saying he would like to resolve the crisis peacefully.On the 27 of October Cuba shot down a U-2!spy plane which cause d extreme tension to grow between the countries.Finally on October 18 the crisis came to a conclusion that avoided nuclear war.This was a very scary time for people of both countries even though the final outcome was a peaceful one.

A Timeline of the Building of the Chunnel

A Timeline of the Building of the Chunnel Building the Chunnel, or Channel Tunnel, was one of the largest and most impressive engineering tasks of the 20th century. Engineers had to find a way to dig under the English Channel, creating three tunnels under the water. Find out more about this amazing engineering feat through this Chunnel timeline. A Timeline of the Chunnel 1802 French engineer Albert Mathieu Favier created a plan to dig a tunnel under the English Channel for horse-drawn carriages. 1856 Frenchman Aimà © Thomà © de Gamond created a plan to dig two tunnels, one from Great Britain and one from France, that meet in the middle on an artificial island. 1880 Sir Edward Watkin began drilling two underwater tunnels, one from the British side and the other from the French. However, after two years, the British publics fears of an invasion won out and Watkins was forced to stop drilling. 1973 Britain and France agreed on an underwater railway that would link their two countries. Geologic investigations began and digging started. However, two years later, Britain pulled out because of an economic recession. November 1984 British and French leaders once again agreed that a Channel link would be mutually beneficial. Since they realized that their own governments could not fund such a monumental project, they held a contest. April 2, 1985 A contest to find a company that could plan, fund, and operate a Channel link was announced. January 20, 1986 The winner of the contest was announced. The design for a Channel Tunnel (or Chunnel), an underwater railway, was chosen. February 12, 1986 Representatives from both the United Kingdom and France signed a treaty approving the Channel Tunnel. December 15, 1987 Digging began on the British side, starting with the middle, service tunnel. February 28, 1988 Digging began on the French side, starting with the middle, service tunnel. December 1, 1990 The linking of the first tunnel was celebrated. It was the first time in history that Great Britain and France were connected. May 22, 1991 The British and French met in the middle of the northern running tunnel. June 28, 1991 The British and French met in the middle of the southern running tunnel. December 10, 1993 The first test-run of the entire Channel Tunnel was conducted. May 6, 1994 The Channel Tunnel officially opened. French President Francois Mitterrand and British Queen Elizabeth II were on hand to celebrate. November 18, 1996 A fire broke out on one of the trains in the southern running tunnel (taking passengers from France to Great Britain). Although all the people on board were rescued, the fire did a lot of damage to the train and to the tunnel.

Business paper review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business paper review - Essay Example At this point, the reader may become confused with regards to the exact problem being addressed, which may extend to the solutions being recommended for the problem. The progress report provides solid evidence that the writer has made progress on the report. For example, there is evidence that he has researched on the problem being addressed by locating training reports that are relevant from the training command website and from Navy Education. In addition, there is evidence that the writer interviewed experts relevant to the research problem, such as senior supervisors, while information was also sought from the junior sailors. The writer has also observed a formal instructor teaching at the transport support center. The writer also identifies what remains to be done, which is the formulation of solutions to current problems in acquiring technical skills among junior sailors. He also identifies finding enough time to read reports and conduct research as an issue facing the research, although this is not expected to affect the completion of the project on time. Finally, the writer also comments on changes to his work-schedule since beginning the project, although these changes are not identified. Overall, it is my opinion that the writer does provide convincing evidence on how the project is going. Kevin begins by providing the purpose for the progress report. The audience for whom the problem is to be solved is identified in the report as pet owners living in Berkshire SoCo apartment complex, as well as property management, owners, and all the residents of the apartment. The issue they are facing is also identified as problems with pet waste and litter that is found around the apartment, which is exacerbated by the high number of pets in the facility. However, the solution to the problem is not addressed in the introduction, although this is not confusing as the problem is already well posited. There is some evidence of progress made in

Wireless and Mobile Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wireless and Mobile Computing - Research Paper Example Additionally, Turisco and Joanna, internet refers to a global network which provides information access, as well applications, by use of a Web navigator or browser. Three Data transfer Options Turisco and Joanna reveal that, today’s market is features three commonly utilized method of data transfer; they include: i) Wireless Local Area Network (Wireless LAN) ii) Wireless Web or Wireless Internet iii) â€Å"Hot syncing† or Data syncing. Although this approach is referenced as a method of wireless data transfer, it is not ideally a wireless method. Data syncing uses docking stations or docking cradles, connected to a LAN in order to support data transfer between the device and the organization’s information system. Wireless LAN Matthew Gast, in his volume Wireless LAN, the term wireless LAN refers to a flexible communications and system of data communications, used, additionally, to or in place of a wired-oriented LAN. Turisco and Joanna, further, explain that, whi le featuring the Radio Frequency (RF) technology, the technology of wireless LANs receive and transmit data through the air. This approach minimizes the necessity of wired connections; the method, further, enables user mobility. Contrary to a number of other technologies, including as infrared, wireless LAN does not have to maintain the â€Å"line-of-sight† technology. Thus, the featured device can apply anywhere within the area of coverage. In a wireless LAN technology, the caregiver keys in data into a featured (handled) device including a Personal Digital Assistance (PDA), tablet, or laptop with a unique wireless LAN card. The card relays data in real time, by use of an antenna, using RF technology to a terminal of access, mainly connected to a wall or ceiling. For example, in a hospital setup, the terminal of access is connected to the LAN sends the requests for data or data received from the handheld information system to the information patient’s care information system. Additionally, data from the information system’s site can be relayed to the handheld system via the same technology. Wireless LAN’s indicate efficient application in the setting of a health care. Within the health care set up, the mobility area is confined within the organization or building; and the information necessary for system’s update can be immediately accessed. If the caregiver uses a relatively small handled device such as a PDA, such a small screen size suits the data viewing limitation, as well as the function of data collection. Tablets and laptops provide advanced capabilities of processing, more data storage, as well as larger display and thus users have access to entire records, as well as enjoy other privileges through the wireless connectivity. Wireless Internet A publication by Amjad Umar, Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications presents a discussion, that wireless internet (wireless Web) supports access data though mobile comput ing through the internet and particularly equipped handled devices. By using the latest PDA or a Web phone with the support of a micro browser, the user can, therefore, access display accessible data that can be accessed through the internet. From a technical explanation, the mobile device is connected to the systems cellular and thus can send requests to computer network (link) server. In this context, the server plays the role of a gateway, translating signals generated from the handheld devices into the signal language understandable by the Web, by use of an access as well as communication protocol. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) emerges the leading

GAME NOT OVER YET, NOT YET....ELECTRONIC ARTS Essay

GAME NOT OVER YET, NOT YET....ELECTRONIC ARTS - Essay Example This acts as a competitive advantage for the organization of EA as per industrial organization view. Not only this, according to resource based view, the sustainability of the firm mainly depends on its tangible and in-tangible resources. This might prove effective for the organization in enhancing its efficiency and popularity in the market among others thereby reducing its threat for new entrants. Apart from this, in order to enhance the net income and demand of the products of the organization, low cost unconventional strategies such as flash mobs, street art and many others are used. By doing so, the level of awareness and reputation of the organization enhances to a significant extent among others as stated by Guerrilla view. Yes, EA exhibited critical success factors in order to enhance its brand portfolio and profitability in new business context. Apart from other resources, the management of the organization of EA recruited highly experienced and talented individual from Apple, Xerox PARC, Atari and VisiCorp in order to enhance its dominance in the segment of online games and video games. This acted as a boon for the organization thereby amplifying its scope of success in the market among others. This is mainly because; they help in enhancing the inner talent of the workforces thereby amplifying the scope of invention. Due to which, the organization became able to cope up with changing preferences of the customers that enhanced its image and value in the market among others. In order to enhance its image, EA offered more attention over its tangible resources and so it recruited extremely talented and knowledgeable staffs within the organization. These resources are extremely essential for the organization so as to invent new product lines and so they are regarded as unique (Allen & et.al, 2011). An organization like EA might suffer from the issues

Biryani cuisine

Biryani cuisine Biryani is an extremely varied componnent of Pakistani cuisine, which enjoys substantial popularity among the populace.   It has many types in the world, quite a few of which are being consumed in Pakistan. While searching on the net I came across an interesting fact which stated that historians claim, in Punjab earlier Nawabs used to wear matching turbans according to the biryani they ate. Nizams kitchen boasted 49 types of biryanis   with aberrant constituents such as hare, quail and deer. However, today the generality tends to stick to chicken lamb and beef. Awadi Biryani of Lucknow is considered to   a benchmark of many types of biryanis and is considered to be an imprint of Mughal Empire on eastern India. The Sindhi   variant of biryani most popular in Karachi and Lahore finds its roots in awadi biryani. However, it has been varied slightly to match local tastes by augmenting elements of Bombay biryani and Calcutta biryani (by adding potatoes).PIA serves this version of biryani on its international flights to preputuate the feel of Pakistani cuisines. Another type offered in the Punjab and northern areas is referred to as vegetable biryani which comes with many virtues attached. It is usually offered with sour yogurt that serves to cool off the stomach ulcers. This type finds its footing in the tehari biryani popular in Indian homes. Further, we have the memoni   biryani which is highly popular amongst the batwa memons in specific and karachities In particular. The ingrediants used to make this particular type include lamb, potatoes and onions. However, unlike its Sindhi counterpart it uses less tomatoes and artificial food colorations. Anarkali biryani is quite popular in Punjab and is served at grand feasts. It is usually made out of boneless chicken and is garnished with green cardamoms cashew nuts pistachios and chilghozas. Another unique type consumed with relish by many Pakistanis is dumpukht. It is believed to be influenced by hyderabadi and Awadi biryanis, yet maintains a distinct method and taste. Artificial flavourings are highly disapproved. Marinated meat, herbs and spicies are placed in a sealed clay pot and allowed to cook in its own steam and juices. allowing herbs and spices to fully infuse the meat or rice, preserving the nutritional elements at the same time. In the best biryanis, grains of rice are well-cooked yet do not stick to one another. Fish and prawn versions of biryani are now being adopted in many higher middle class households in Pakistan. Besides adding a tocuh of elegance to the otherwise ‘desi dish, the   variation is considered to be highly nutricious. This form of biryani traces it s roots to the Ranipet Biryani and the Dindigul Curry Biryani   of kerala. An interesting form which is now gaining popularity is the masoor biryani which combines masoor pulse with rice in order to create a low chelestrol highly nutrious receipe. ‘Kashmiris use asafoetida in Biryani, which is unique, and all the ingredients are marinated overnight. Bhatkali biryani are popular in the west nd parts in balochistan. It has Irani influence and has come through spice route. Other types were: (Kofta, egg, peshawari, shahjehani, goosht dum, madarassi) But I couldnt find much about them other than their receipes, which changed slightly with the names, the basic procedure remaining the same :S http://hubpages.com/hub/What-Is-Biryani http://www.scribd.com/doc/20523299/Biryani%E2%80%A6by-Jerson-Fernandes http://www.shantanughosh.com/2007/08/biryani-stories.html

Dunkin Donuts Hypothetical Marketing Strategy Case Essay -- Business

Dunkin’ Donuts was first established in 1950, in Quincy, Massachusetts, by William Rosenberg. Over the years the company expanded and now is the largest coffee and baked goods chain in the world. They serve over 5,500 retail outlets; selling more than 4 million doughnuts and 2.7 million cups of coffee daily! Dunkin’ Donuts are famous for their many varieties of doughnuts and their wide range of bakery products - muffins, bagels and munchkins ® donut hole treats. Their products are represented by more than 6,590 worldwide points of distribution, including approximately 4,815 units in the United States alone. History of Dunkin’ Donuts 1946: Bill Rosenberg invests $5,000, forms Industrial Luncheon Services. 1948: Bill Rosenberg opens donut shop "Open Kettle" in Quincy, Massachusetts. 1950: "Open Kettle" name changed to Dunkin’ Donuts. 1955: First franchise agreement signed and executed in Worcester, Massachusetts. 1960: Bill Rosenberg founds the International Franchising Association. 1963: 100th Dunkin’ Donuts shop opens. 1966: Dunkin’ Donuts University (DDU) is created. 1970: First overseas Dunkin’ Donuts shop opens in Japan. 1972: MUNCHKINS ® donut hole treats are introduced. 1978: Introduction of freshly baked muffins. First network TV commercials are aired. 1979: 1,000th U.S. Dunkin’ Donuts shop opens. 1980: Largest Dunkin’ Donuts shop in the world opens in Thailand with seating for 130. 1982: Fred the Baker, TIME TO MAKE THE DONUTS ® television campaign begins. 1990: Allied Domecq purchases Dunkin’ Donuts. 1995: 1000th international Dunkin’ Donuts shop opens in Thailand. Hazelnut and French Vanilla coffees are introduced as companions to Dunkin’ Donuts' famous Original Blend. 1996: Dunkin’ Donuts introduces ... ...the process of finding a new supplier. 5. Selecting the Optimal Alternative Due to the growth in the bagel industry, all U.S. production facilities capable of making bagels were signing long term supplier contracts with different firms hence leaving very few opportunities for additional capacity to be obtained. In order to still thrive in the bagel industry, Dunkin’ Donuts should not terminate their contract with Harold’s Bakery. Rather, they should gradually continue with the rollout by limiting advertising and the pace of store expansion. In the meantime they should assist Harold’s Bakery to find more co-packers in the short term. References: †¢ http://www.twincitybagels.com/html/bagel_history.html †¢ http://time-proxy.yaga.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601960401,00.html †¢ https://www.dunkindonuts.com/ †¢ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkin_Donuts

Fastenal Case Essay

The comprehensive document is an overview of Fastenal Canada LTD and how it relates to sales management. The document first provides an introduction to the problem and company background of Fastenal, which includes a description of various views of Fastenal. It further goes into detail about the recommendations that relates to the two main parties involved, which are the customers and the company itself. The document also includes an in-depth implementation plan, which is broken down into short, medium, and long-term tasks to accomplish. Through out the document there is a mention of the vendor managed inventory model (VMI). By using VMI, we were able to use a different approach to avoid risks associated with the â€Å"bricks and mortar† approach. Fastenal should choose to implement the following business plan because a well thought out analysis went into determining the problem and coming up with a solution for the future growth of the company. All decisions were made with the company in mind and focusing on the strong relationship between the costumer and Fastenal. Introduction Fastenal Canada LTD is a subsidiary of Fastenal Company, which was founded in 1967. Fastenal Canada LTD operates as a wholesaler and retailer of industrial and construction supplies in Canada. They have over 200 stores across Canada, 66 of which are in the western region. Fastenal’s growth strategy has always relied heavily on new store opening because the high demand for its products and services across Canada (Fastenal, 2012). It tends to be risky as well as costly when opening stores using the â€Å"bricks and mortar† approach. The introduction of the vendor managed inventory model (VMI) has been advantageous. Fastenal receives an electronic data via email, informing them of its distributor sales and inventory stock level. This system makes it fast and efficient for the customers and sales associates. Fastenal interprets the electronic data and there is an automatic responsibility of maintaining the inventory level for the customer. Fastenal is looking for a different expansion model approach to be used as a growth driver in Western Canada. Our new proposed strategy gives Fastenal the ability not only maintains its desired identity but it gives them the ability to increase the market share and tap into a fresh new market. Our goal is to assess the situation in hand and work in the given environment to keep the strong customer relationships since it is an important component in the company. Problem Definition How can Fastenal use its new vendor managed inventory model to increase its market share? End market sales during the months of 2012 grew 19.8% from the manufacturing customers while the residential construction customers grew 17.9% (Fastenal, 2012). The advantage to VMI is that it releases the customer of having to worry about the level of their inventories. Fastenal interpret the electronic data and automatic take control of the responsibility of maintaining the inventory level for the customer. How can Fastenal reduce financial risk? Every scenario where there is a change in the way things are done or achieved there is always risks to failure or loss. In many cases where there is loss or failure, there is often a way that it could have been avoided or done differently to avoid the negative outcome. Fastenal needs to avoid these situations by planning ahead and finding ways to avoid the risks that may pose problems or loss in the near future. â€Å"Bricks and Mortar† approach induces many financial risks so another approach is necessary to prevent them. Situation Analysis Customers and the sales force are the stakeholders who are most affected. Strong customer relationships are the essence of Fastenal’s success and form an important component of their competitive advantage. The problem arises due the to lack of education the customer has about ordering online which deceases the efficiency PartStore has to offer. Ordering online reduces rushing the parts to the counter or waiting on the phone. Customers are also able to check parts availability and prices, as well as place an order. However when PartStore was introduced there was some confusion with it. Creating a frustrating relationship between the customer and sales person. Recommendations Consignment Inventory Consignment inventory usually involves the supplier, placing inventory at a customer’s location without getting rid of its ownership of the inventory. Since the owner retains the ownership of its products the customer does not pay until it is sold or used. However, before we examine how Fastenal can benefit from our proposed consignment program it is important to first examine some potential market of interest. The City of Edmonton According Edmonton’s 2012 budget report, almost all municipalities across Canada face a significant infrastructure deficit. Neighborhood renewal occurred periodically with funding from other orders of government, yet it failed to address the full life-cycle requirements of preventative maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Over time, the condition of roads, sidewalks and sewers deteriorated, resulting in more frequent collapsed sewers, increased sidewalk hazards, and dramatically increased maintenance like pothole repairs. The Office of Infrastructure and Funding Strategy highlighted the need for ongoing funding for neighborhood infrastructure to overcome an anticipated $2.2 billion funding gap in neighborhood roads and related infrastructure. This situation provides a tremendous opportunity for Fastenal to penetrate and serve this market. Market potential The total number of potential infrastructure that needs to be fixed in any given time is the market. The market potential for Fastenal products in units would be equal to the number of potential infrastructure that require repairing, assuming that each infrastructure repair would use Fastenal product. Fastenal can benefit for inventory consignment within the city of Edmonton, however administration is important to understand how the current business model can be used to Fastenal’s advantage in delivering the services. FAST 5000 is a vending machine that provides workers with immediate access to materials and equipment’s. The FAST 5000 machine is installed at customer sites and Fastenal keeps them filled with needed products ranging from safety equipment’s, cutting tools & supplies to office supplies. Fastenal handles everything from the delivery of the machines to the installation and restocking of the machine whenever the inventory level becomes low. Through the flexible web reporting system Fastenal customers are able to view and manage the machine’s inventory usage. Cory Jansen, Fastenal’s Vice President of Internal Operation have claims that having the FAST 5000 have reduced production consumption in many cases by more than 30 percent (City of Edmonton, 2012). In the midst of 2.2 billion dollar worth of infrastructure repairs that the city of Edmonton needs, someone will have to supplies this market with their required materials and tools to complete the repair work. Fastenal should approach the city of Edmonton with a proposal outlining how the FAST 5000 can be beneficial to the construction site and within the city offices. The city of Edmonton as a corporation serves a population of more than 750,000 residents; the corporation is segmented into seven different departments each department is responsible for providing a particular service to Edmonton residents. We suggest that Fastenal concentrate on the four main departments within the corporation that is more likely to benefit from the FAST 5000 or the FAST 3000 services, which are the: Office of the City Manager, Sustainable Development, Transportation Services and Infrastructure Services. Office of the City Manager will benefit from the FAST 5000 if Fastenal stocks them with office supplies, such as pens, pencils, papers, etc. Since each development must akin to a strict budget the FAST 5000 can provide the solutions to maintaining those budget, by reducing product consumption, having on-hand inventory, and administration costs, while providing new insight into usage and spending habit that can be used toward next year’s City budget. Fastenal can implement the same strategy within other municipalities across Canada. Implementation Fastenal needs to place a unit in each site under the City of Edmonton. We believe it to be reasonable to set one to three year goal to place a FAST 5000 machine in each site over the next three years. First step is to write up a proposal to bring to the Simon Farbrother, who must approve it. He is the city manager and makes the major decisions in these cases. This process can take up to three months to be able to present the proposal. This also creates awareness of the product to the potential client. The proposal must go through other levels of approval and be voted on by the city council, therefore this may take another three months. Once the plan is approved the production and distribution can be put into motion. The city of Edmonton has many different branches and sites in the Edmonton area. The marketing department in Fastenal will start to put together the proposal and presentation. The marketing department will create a miniature FAST 5000 as part of a press kit along with a formal written proposal. The press kit will also open up and contain testimonials from previous clients Fastenal has worked with. It will also have a brief description of the key factors and attributes of the FAST 5000 and what sets it apart from prior units. Once the plan is approved, Fastenal will be required to submit the bet to the city manager. Since Fastenal is the sole provider of the vendor managed inventory systems (FAST 5000, FAST 3000). This implies that there is only one supplier that can fulfill the requirement and that any attempt to obtain bids would only result in one supplies being able to bid on the contract which is Fastenal. The bid will contain the benefits and costs of going through with the deal and the estimated completion date of placing the units in different sites throughout Edmonton. Once the city has awarded them the contract they will immediately move forward, and Fastenal will provide the services as stated in the proposal. Fastenal will place the minimum required machines in each site as outlined by the contract. Time Line Immediately| Delivering units| Week 1| Submitting a bid| Week 2| Proposal| 3 months| Meeting with Simon Farbrother | 3 months| Vote by city council| 6 months| Full Approval| TBA| Expansion into further sites and markets| Budget Since we do not have any costs that are being associated with this project our cost is zero, therefore the budget is not present. Risk and mitigation Risk| Mitigation| Underperformance of sales force | * Bring on a skilled team * Have the team mentor new people * Make teamwork part of the culture * Hire skillful and enthusiastic employees | Sales loss on FAST machines| * Proper training * Information to customer about store * Finding good location| Unrealistic customer and schedule expectations| * Make the customer feel comfortable and at ease * Set schedule goals around frequent deliveries | Conclusion The problems we wanted to address were â€Å"How can Fastenal use its new vendor managed inventory model to increase its market share?† and â€Å"How can Fastenal reduce financial risk?†   Our new proposed strategy gives Fastenal the ability to not only maintains its desired identity but it gives them the ability to increase its market share and tap into a fresh new market. Strong customer relationships are the essence of Fastenal’s success and have formed an important part of their competitive advantage. Our business purposed plan intended to keep the strong customer relationships. Through our implementation approach we have demonstrated how Fastenal can transform it’s current solution into a continued transparent business model. Fastenal’s opportunities will be awarded by the skill and creativity they have to meet the customer demands. Reference City of Edmonton. (2012). Budget. Retrieved April 2012, from http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/budget_taxes/budget-2012.aspx Fastenal. (2012). Fastenal . Retrieved April 2012, from http://www.fastenal.com Mackenzie, H. (. (2008). Sales Managment in Canada (1st Edition ed.). (D. Thompson, Ed.) Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Person Prentice Hall.

Interview with content editor Harrison Demchick Reedsy

Interview with content editor Harrison Demchick Reedsy â€Å"It’s about creating the very best version of your story†: An interview with Harrison Demchick It’s good to see indies and traditional authors brought together on what really unites them: the story, the craft, and offering great content to readers. And editors have a big part in that, one that is often untold. This is why we like to give them a spot on the Reedsy blog.Today, we interview one of these authors’ unsung heroes: a developmental editor. With 10 years experience both in-house and freelance, Harrison Demchick is one of the great editors we have brought to Reedsy, and one of our very first users. Plus, he has a great story to tell! For the lovers of the written word, I’ve transcribed most of it below.  But for those who want to take part in the discussion, you can directly join us on the hangout!Hi Harrison, good to have you here. You’re â€Å"the world’s most thorough content editor†, according to your Reedsy profile. Did you start out as a content editor or more as a copy editor or proofreader?At the time I started, I didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t know the distinctions yet. When I was in high school and college I was doing copy-editing for several magazines or newspapers but when I started working in publishing, the publisher just gave me a manuscript and told me to â€Å"edit it†, and for me that inherently involved both the copy and the content.From the very first Summer I began in publishing (2005), I’ve been doing content (developmental) editing. It just took some time before I knew the formal term that was ascribed to it.Do you accept to work with authors who come to you with an unfinished draft? Or is there a particular at which you prefer authors to contact you (first draft, third draft, etc.)?Generally I do prefer working with a finished draft, that makes it much easier to provide overall feedback, especially when it comes to story or character arch, climax, etc. But as far as as polished that draft needs to be, I feel I can be very useful anytime from the first draft on. I personally like going through the whole developmental edit process and provide feedback relatively early, if not right after the first draft, so that the author is able to know what they need to do and have a plan of attack for the next draft.If you start working with an author on the first draft, generally how long does it take for you and the author to reach the final manuscript stage?Well that depends a lot on the context and how long I’m staying with a project. When in traditional publishing I was with a project from start to finish and that could be a process that could last anywhere from 6 months to two years, to make sure that the books that we put out were as strong as they possibly could be.On the freelance side it depends a lot on the author and their direction. I love to stick to projects when I can: I start with a developmental edit and do a smaller consultation afterwards. And if I look at when books happen to be published rather than when I’m finished working on them, it stil l often ends up being more than a year after we start.Obviously it really comes down in the end to how quickly and effectively the author works, and what they want from me afterwards.As you have worked both in-house for a publisher and freelance, do you see any big differences in how you work with authors in both cases? The differences, in my opinion, are not necessarily that vast. Well, the big difference for me as far as what I get to do for a living, is that I now get to focus entirely on the editing, and that’s one of the reasons I chose to go freelance. But as far as the authors, I work with both with authors who plan to self-publish and with authors who plan to start contacting publishers after they’re done working with me.And in either the case the goal is the same: it’s to identify what’s working, what’s not working, and how we can make it better and create the very best version of the author’s manuscript.One could make the case that when working with someone pursuing traditional publishing the focus could be more on how to best market it for publishers. And while I’m happy to give feedback on that, for me it doesn’t matter as far as the story itself is as good as it can be. For me it’s all about creating the best possible version, and that’s the same whether it’s for traditional or self-publishing.I definitely like your point there, it should always be about getting the quality of the writing as high as possible. I also think that some books, according to the genre, are actually more suited for self-publishing (because the target market is smaller, maybe). Do you try to advise authors on which publishing route they should take? Or do you adapt the adapt their writing and their story to the route they’ve chosen?I definitely advise, but I don’t recommend, necessarily. Every author has their own approach and my job is to help them achieve their goals. Of course if I see an issue with those goals or something that could make it easier I will let them know that.Self-publishing and traditional publishing both have their pros and cons, and I don’t see genre as one of them, necessarily, one of the distinguishing characteristics. Generally authors who have decided to self-publish or traditionally publish have done so for specific reasons and as long as those are valid I will do my best to advise them and work in that way. Fortunately, my experience is such that I can advise effectively no matter which direction they choose.Do you think a good editor can work with any author out there, or is there one perfect editor for every author?I certainly wouldn’t go that far. I think there are certainly cases where a particular editor’s personality or approach would work better for a particular author, that is no doubt true. But there are also a lot of disparities in quality among editors out there. A lot of the time it’s not so mu ch searching for the one that fits, than going through a lot of people who are not really fantastic at it before finding somebody who actually is.Fundamentally it comes down to being as effective as you can possibly be. I think that’s   more important than having a particular chemistry with the author you’re working with.I definitely agree with your point on the disparity of quality in editors out there, and that is part of the reason why we created Reedsy.Exactly, and one reason for that is that a lot of people assume that they can edit, because they love to read and they’d love to be helpful to authors. Also, because they don’t know fully what goes into it. And some start with that belief and actually become amazing, which is exciting to see.All this makes it very hard for the authors to know whether the person they’re talking with is someone genuinely skilled or just someone very enthusiastic who wants to believe they are going to be able to h elp the author. That’s why I, too, love what Reedsy is going for because it helps authors navigate that.You are yourself a published author with one book out there: The Listeners, and were also a screenwriter before that. What pushed you to publish? Did editing a lot of books make you want to put your own work out there?Actually, it’s just the opposite. The Listeners started out as a series of short stories I wrote in my last semester of college, around the same time I started my career in editing in a publishing company.This particular series developed in a screenplay, and the publisher I worked for expressed an interest in a novel version, which I wrote. But for a while, my experience in publishing actually made me not want to put the book out there, because I knew the marketing challenges. I knew I would be out there, front and center trying to build a readership, doing book signings, interviews, etc. These are all things that I know how to do, and that I recommend to authors, but things I don’t have a particular knack for myself. I’m not a great marketer or self-promoter, it’s not my nature.Fortunately, I had enough people around me telling me I was an idiot and that I should pursue publishing, so I did, and I’m very grateful for the opportunities I have had since thanks to that.I’d like to finish with an easy question: if you had one recommendation for indie authors out there, whether they’re traditionally published, self-published, or hybrid, what would it be?I suppose it would be to hire me, haha! But more broadly and less egocentrically than that, the thing that divides a writer from an author in my mind is the revision process: pushing forward, doing everything that’s in your power to create the very best version of your story. There is nothing more spectacular than taking an idea not only from concept to first draft but from first draft to final draft. So my advice would be: follow that r oad to the end, do not stop part way through.I agree, and I certainly second that advice. Thanks a lot for your time, Harrison!You can find Harrison Demchick, Ricardo and Reedsy on Twitter: @HDemchick, @RicardoFayet  and @reedsyhqDo you work with a developmental editor? If yes, tell us what he/she brings to your writing in the comments below! And if you have any question for Harrison, do use the same commenting space 🙂

Absolutism and Limited Government essays

Absolutism and Limited Government essays Thomas Hobbes and John Locke set up the basis for the two major forms of government in the 17th century. Hobbes believed that the only successful government would be an absolute monarchy. Locke believed in a limited monarchy form of government. Both of these systems were practiced over many years preceding their writings. The purpose of their writings was to explain why those forms of government are legitimate. Both theories begin with the same basic assumptions, however their conclusions differ greatly. Their opinions were heavily influenced by the general felling of people towards the government of that time. The foundation of both of these theories is identical. Man without government will never prosper. They differ in that Hobbes seems to have believed that man by nature is constantly in a state of war. He believed that men need government in order to feel safe. He explains that without government there is no justice and injustice. Locke has a less severe opinion on human nature. He believed that man needs government in order to accumulate wealth. Fundamentally both of these theories claim that man needs to be governed. They then continue by explaining that government is formed out of peoples agreement to form a covenant. This covenant takes away their absolute freedom in exchange for their safety. In order for the covenant to be valid and its laws to be followed, power must be abdicated to some greater power. It is on the matter of what form this greater power should take where these two theories diverge. Hobbes was concerned with restoring peace and order to England. He believed that the only way to do this was through absolute monarchy. He believed that distributing the power among several leaders would not solve the problem. This would simply put them at war with each other. Abdicating all the power to one sovereign who remains in the state of nature ele ...

A Study of BP and its Stakeholders in Nigeria Research Paper

A Study of BP and its Stakeholders in Nigeria - Research Paper Example BP has got much different kind of brands under its product portfolio. Each of BP brand has got its own personality and heritage but have one common thing in them which is that all the brands symbolizes, embodies and also provides tremendous energy. Some of the most top ranked brands of BP includes, ARAL one of the trusted brand in Germany; ARCO which tends to bring in low cost fuels and cleaner in the west coast of US; Castrol which is the world’s top oil for motors and also a specialist lubricants oil; ampm which is a convenience shop brand and Wild Bean Cafe. BP work includes exploration of oil and gas, extraction, moving those extracted oil and gas, making products and fuels out of the gas and oil and finally sells the products and the fuels. BP in the process of its exploration and extraction generates low carbon energy. It has been investing in new ways to provide energy from wind businesses and innovative solar to advanced bio fuels to energy technologies. BP tends to wo rk in ways which would benefit the society, communities and the habitats. The company strives to become the safety leader in its industry, corporate citizen, world class operator and at the same time great employer. BP is working to enhance the safety measures and risk management and earn back the trust and grow value (BP, 2012). Chapter 2 A Brief Organizational and Historical Background History BP history lies from way back in 1908 and since then B has been largely associated with discoveries whether large or small which have contributed into the progress of the company. From an Anglo Persian oil company BP has managed to become the global Oil and Gas Company. In the year 1917 the Anglo Persian Oil company bought BP which was a subsidiary of German company, in order to get its product to the customers across UK. Thus 1917 marked the brand name of BP. In 1920 BP got its official name and logo which was designed by AR Saunders from the purchasing department. 1932 was marked as an ico nic year for B as it has entered the advertisement world and designed advertisement for BP Plus, BP Ethyl and BP Super. In 1961 after the post war, BP had won Academy Award for a short documentary. 1965 BP started giving service with a smurf. Few years later BP extended its product portfolio and included food for poultry, dogs and fish. It became the largest supplier of animal food in North America. In 1988, BP buys Bristol and it became the first ever company to acknowledge potential risk of global warming in the year 1997. Year 2009 marked 100 years for BP and today BP is applying the same dedication towards its work towards challenges and opportunities in the 21st century (BP-b, 2012). Business Review As per the BP Energy Outlook 2030, the world is in the form of transition into a lower carbon energy mix. Thus BP needs to supply oil and gas to meet the demands. In the year 2011, the company invested $1.6billion in the energy business and the total investment made since 2005 amoun ted to about $6.6 million. BP is trying to meet its commitment and is moving forward. 2012 is said to be a year of milestone with high financial expected in the financial year 2013 and 2014 (BP-a, 2011, p.9).

Freud and his view of psychology based on Creative Writers and Research Paper

Freud and his view of psychology based on Creative Writers and Daydreaming - Research Paper Example While this is obvious in some creative art movements like â€Å"Surrealism†, to a certain extent, this holds true for every art form though often not very obvious. The subconscious mind, in its wandering day-dreaming form, allows the artist to touch such deep rooted emotions which normally are restrained by social consciousness and social appropriateness. The drifting mind creates a world of its own in the deep alleys of the subconscious, allowing the mind to roam in this unreal play world and create images and imagery. This becomes the basis for many a creative endeavor. Sigmund Freud, the famous psychoanalyst and the originator of modern psychoanalysis, in his theories had subscribed to some form of this theory. This is hardly surprising as the Freudian theory is based on bringing out the subconscious thoughts of a person into consciousness and thereby making the person free from the agonies of repression and consequent distortion. As Sigmund Freud once said, â€Å"there ar e no indications of reality in the unconscious, so that one cannot distinguish between the truth and fiction that has been cathected with affect† (as cited in Steiner, 5). Sigmund Freud was born in Austria on 6th May 1856 to Jewish parents. He came from a very impoverished family but worked his way up through sheer hard work, intelligence and talent. Though he started his research work related to medical studies on the life history of eels, failure in this line made him change and turn to psychology as his field of study. He later founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology and is famous for his theories on the unconscious mind and his method of treating psychological patients through psychoanalysis or dialogues between a patient and the doctor. Freud believed that the subconscious or the unconscious was an inroad to the thoughts and actions of a conscious mind and helped in understanding the latter. Dreams, as per Freud, were a method by which one can understand the